Learn about the auxiliary verb kell, which means "have to"
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| INTRODUCTION |
| Simone:Hi everyone and welcome to HungarianPod101.com. This is Lower Beginner, Season 1, Lesson 10, Dealing with the Daily Grind in Hungary. I am Simone. |
| Csaba:And I am Csaba. |
| Simone:In this lesson you're going to learn how to use “have to.” |
| Csaba:The conversation takes place in Anne’s apartment. |
| Simone:Between Anne and Balázs. |
| Csaba:They use informal language. |
| Simone: Okay, let's listen to the conversation. |
| POST CONVERSATION BANTER |
| Simone: So they do have to work after all. |
| Csaba: I’m sorry to say that, but especially since the financial crisis, the employment situation is not very good. |
| Simone: I guess a lot of countries in Europe are going through the same thing. |
| Csaba: Young people try to hold on to the first job they get, and there isn’t really a good chance of finding another if you happen to hate it. |
| Simone: Not everyone is as lucky as you are, with us. |
| Csaba: That’s right. I’m extremely lucky! This is the best job ever! And, might I add, wonderful superiors. |
| Simone: All right, this is painful to listen to. Let’s take a look at the vocabulary for this lesson. The first word we shall see is |
| kell, have to |
| next |
| korán, early |
| next |
| kel, get up |
| next |
| nekem, for me |
| next |
| felhívni, call |
| next |
| hét, week |
| next |
| reggel, morning |
| and last |
| Jó éjt!, Good night! |
| KEY VOCAB AND PHRASES |
| Simone: Let's have a closer look at the usage for some of the words and phrases from this lesson. |
| Csaba: The first word is Felhívlak, meaning “I’ll call you.” |
| Csaba: Even though this word starts with the prefix fel, or “up,” it has nothing to do with the direction, really. |
| Simone: Right, and can you put it in a sentence, please? |
| Csaba: Holnap felhívlak. |
| Simone: “I’ll call you tomorrow.” Please repeat. |
| Csaba: Holnap felhívlak. |
| Simone: Okay, let’s have an imperative sentence now. “Call me!” |
| Csaba: Hívj fel. |
| Simone: Please repeat. |
| Csaba: Hívj fel. Don’t worry about word order and conjugation just yet. Imperative is still a bit away. |
| Simone: Okay, let’s move on to the next word. I remember hearing “I get up early.” |
| Csaba: Korán kelek. Korán is an adverb that means “early.” This is the opposite of későn, which means “late.” |
| Simone: Let’s hear a sentence with that too. |
| Csaba: Megint későn keltem. |
| Simone: “I got up late again.” Can we hear that again? |
| Csaba: Megint későn keltem. |
| Simone: And finally, we had “good night.” |
| Csaba: In Hungarian, jó éjt. |
| Simone: Is this formal or informal? |
| Csaba: Actually, this one is good for everyone, just like good morning, which was jó reggelt, |
| Simone: which on the other hand is a greeting. |
| Csaba: Right. Jó éjt is for when you're leaving. |
| Simone: Now, what were the more formal greetings again? |
| Csaba: Jó napot! |
| Simone: “Good afternoon.” |
| Csaba: And jó estét. |
| Simone: “Good evening.” Both of these are formal expressions. |
| Simone: All right, it’s time to go to the grammar. |
| GRAMMAR POINT |
| Simone: In this lesson, we're going to learn how to use the phrase "have to." |
| Csaba: It is not difficult, but there is more conjugation to be done. |
| Simone: Right, and what is the key sentence? |
| Csaba: Indulnom kell. |
| Simone: "I have to leave." |
| Csaba: Indulnom is literally "for me to leave." Yes, in Hungarian, the infinitive is also conjugated. When you use kell, or "have to," you also need to use this conjugated infinitive. |
| Simone: You'll be able to find the full table in the lesson notes, and it's actually not too hard because all verbs conjugate the same. But for "no," can you give us a few more examples? |
| Csaba: Holnap nem kell dolgoznom. |
| Simone: "I don't have to work tomorrow." One more time. |
| Csaba: Holnap nem kell dolgoznom. |
| Simone: What else do you have? |
| Csaba: In these sentences, when you have kell, you need to use the emphasized form of the personal pronoun. We have covered some of those, but here's another example. |
| Simone: "He doesn't have to work." Please, everyone, repeat after Csaba. |
| Csaba: Neki nem kell dolgoznia. |
| Simone: And again. |
| Csaba: Neki nem kell dolgoznia. Neki is the special form of the personal pronoun that I have mentioned. This sentence means "he doesn’t have to work, but someone else does." |
| Simone: Okay, next, let’s hear “We’ve got to hurry!” |
| Csaba: Sietnünk kell. |
| Simone: Again, please. |
| Csaba: Sietnünk kell. |
| Simone: All right, and how do you say "you have to sign it here"? |
| Csaba: Itt alá kell írnia. |
| Simone: Please repeat that. |
| Csaba: Itt alá kell írnia. |
| Simone: This will definitely be handy. |
| Csaba: Yes, you will be asked to do this very often, starting from entering the country. |
Outro |
|---|
| Simone: Okay, that’s it for this lesson. Make sure you check the lesson notes and we'll see you next time. |
| Csaba:Sziasztok! |
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