Learn how to use the auxiliary verb "may/allowed to"
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| INTRODUCTION |
| Simone: Welcome to HungarianPod101.com. This is Lower Beginner Season 1, lesson 9, Kicking a Bad Habit in Hungary. I’m Simone. |
| Csaba: And I am Csaba. Sziasztok. |
| Simone: In this lesson you'll learn how to say “may” and “may not,” and how to talk about smoking in Hungarian. |
| Csaba:The conversation is still taking place in Anne’s apartment. |
| Simone: And it is between Anne and Balázs. |
| Csaba: Who of course use informal language. |
| Simone: Let’s listen to the conversation. |
| DIALOGUE |
| Balázs: Rágyújtunk? |
| Anne: Itt nem szabad rágyújtani. Egyébként sem dohányzom. |
| Balázs: Nem dohányzol? Mióta nem dohányzol? |
| Anne: Ööö, múlt hét óta... Kinn a teraszon szabad. |
| Balázs: Akkor kimegyek. |
| Anne: Én is megyek...nézni. |
| Let's listen to the conversation one time slowly. |
| Balázs: Rágyújtunk? |
| Anne: Itt nem szabad rágyújtani. Egyébként sem dohányzom. |
| Balázs: Nem dohányzol? Mióta nem dohányzol? |
| Anne: Ööö, múlt hét óta... Kinn a teraszon szabad. |
| Balázs: Akkor kimegyek. |
| Anne: Én is megyek...nézni. |
| Let's listen to the conversation with the English translation. |
| Balázs: Rágyújtunk? |
| Balázs: Do you want to smoke a cigarette? |
| Anne: Itt nem szabad rágyújtani. Egyébként sem dohányzom. |
| Anne: It's not allowed to smoke here. Besides, I don't smoke. |
| Balázs: Nem dohányzol? Mióta nem dohányzol? |
| Balázs: You don't smoke? Since when? |
| Anne: Ööö, múlt hét óta... Kinn a teraszon szabad. |
| Anne: Err... since last week. You can smoke out on the balcony. |
| Balázs: Akkor kimegyek. |
| Balázs: Then I'll go out. |
| Anne: Én is megyek...nézni. |
| Anne: I'll go out too...to watch. |
| POST CONVERSATION BANTER |
| Simone: Okay, that's our dialogue for this lesson. |
| Csaba: And what an important one too. |
| Simone: Well, I've noticed that you have to ask about smoking more and more in Hungary. |
| Csaba: Yes, compared to before when you could smoke everywhere, we have a lot of restrictions nowadays. |
| Simone: And are the restaurants still smoky? |
| Csaba: No, and soon the pubs won't be either. You can't smoke in restaurants or clubs and discos anymore. |
| Simone: Can someone smoke on the street? |
| Csaba: These rules are getting stricter by the month, but at the moment you can smoke on the street unless you're waiting at a bus stop or passing a school. |
| Simone: Good to know. Shall we go on to the vocab? |
| Csaba: Yes, on to the vocab. |
| Simone: Let's take a look at the vocabulary for this lesson. The first word we shall see is |
| Szabad. |
| May, allowed. |
| Szabad. |
| Szabad. |
| Next? |
| Rágyújt. |
| Light a cigarette. |
| Rágyújt. |
| Rágyújt. |
| Next? |
| Egyébként. |
| Besides, otherwise. |
| Egyébként. |
| Egyébként. |
| Next? |
| Dohányzik. |
| Smoke. |
| Do-hány-zik. |
| Dohányzik. |
| Next? |
| Mióta. |
| Since when? |
| Mi-ó-ta. |
| Mióta. |
| Next? |
| Múlt hét. |
| Last week. |
| Múlt hét. |
| Múlt hét. |
| Next? |
| Terasz. |
| Balcony. |
| Balcony. |
| Terasz. |
| Terasz. |
| Next? |
| Néz. |
| Watch, look. |
| Néz. |
| Néz. |
| Last is? |
| Kinn. |
| Outside. |
| Kinn. |
| Kinn. |
| KEY VOCAB AND PHRASES |
| Simone: Let's have a closer look at the usage for some of the words and phrases from this lesson. |
| Csaba: The first word we'll look at is rágyújt. This verb doesn't actually mean "smoke," but "light up" instead. |
| Simone: Alright, so if you want to ask me to smoke with you, you'd say... |
| Csaba: Rágyújtunk? |
| Simone: We also might want to ask, "Do you smoke?" This is a more general question. |
| Csaba: That would be... Dohányzol? |
| Simone: "Do you smoke?" |
| Csaba: Dohányzol? |
| Simone: Alright, so let's say that I don't. What would I say? |
| Csaba: Then you have to say...Nem dohányzom. |
| Simone: "I don't smoke." |
| Csaba: One last word that is a bit less official, but also very often heard. Cigizik. This also means "smoke," but you sound less serious when saying that. |
| Simone: How do you say, "Do you smoke," using that word? |
| Csaba: Cigizel? |
| Simone: "Do you smoke?" Okay, on to the next word. There was a sentence with the word "since" in it. |
| Csaba: Yes. A múlt hét óta. This sentence means "since last week." Múlt hét is "last week," and óta is "since." |
| Simone: So apparently time comes first, and then the word óta. |
| Csaba: Right. |
| Simone: Can you give us another example? |
| Csaba: Karácsony óta nem ittam. |
| Simone: "I haven't drunk since Christmas." Alright, let's go on to the grammar. |
| GRAMMAR POINT |
| Simone: In this lesson, you're going to learn about szabad, an auxiliary verb. What is the key sentence for this grammar point, Csaba? |
| Csaba: Itt nem szabad rágyújtani. |
| Simone: "Smoking is not allowed here." |
| Csaba: Right. The keyword is szabad, which means "may, allowed to." After this, you add an infinitive of the verb. |
| Simone: And how do you find the infinitives? |
| Csaba: It is easy to find them in dictionaries. They end in -ni, like rágyújtani. |
| Simone: "To smoke." Let's say a negative example too. How do you say "you may not park here"? |
| Csaba: Itt nem szabad parkolni. |
| Simone: Can we hear it again? |
| Csaba: Itt nem szabad parkolni. |
| Simone: Okay, so I take it parkolni means "to park"? |
| Csaba: Yep. Now, nem szabad carries the same meaning as another word, tilos. Tilos is a more official sounding expression that means something like "mustn't" or "prohibited." |
| Simone: Yes, you don't really see nem szabad on signs on the street, and you don't hear tilos from people unless they're quoting one of those signs. |
| Csaba: I'll say an example. Tilos a dohányzás. |
| Simone: "Smoking is prohibited." |
| Csaba: Tilos a dohányzás. |
| Simone: All right, let's move on. If you can't really say this previous sentence to other people, how would you ask them politely not to smoke? Be super polite this time. |
| Csaba: Easy. You say: Elnézést, itt nem szabad dohányozni. |
| Simone: You just added one word, elnézést. |
| Csaba: Right, "Excuse me, smoking is not allowed here." |
| Simone: Say that again, please. |
| Csaba: Elnézést, itt nem szabad dohányozni. |
| Simone: Let's hear a couple more examples with szabad. |
| Csaba: Szabad kutyát behozni? |
| Simone: "Can I bring my dog in here?" |
| Csaba: Szabad kutyát behozni? |
| Simone: Okay, we had szabad. Now let's hear two more sentences, one with nem szabad and one with tilos. |
| Csaba: A repülőre nem szabad üdítőt vinni. |
| Simone: "Taking beverages on the plane is not allowed." This is less formal, right? |
| Csaba: Yes. Please repeat the next one too: A repülőre tilos üdítőt vinni. |
| Simone: "Carrying beverages onto the plane is prohibited." And this is what you would see on a sign at the airport too. |
| Csaba: Exactly. |
Outro |
|---|
| Simone: Okay, that's it for this lesson. Make sure you check the lesson notes and we'll see you next time. |
| Csaba: Sziasztok. |
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