Learn a couple of past tense forms
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| INTRODUCTION |
| Simone:Hi everyone and welcome to Upper Beginner, season 1, lesson 23 - Another Visit from the Hungarian Health Inspector. I am Simone. |
| Gergő:And I am Gergő. Sziasztok! |
| Simone:In this lesson, you will learn a couple of past tense forms. |
| Gergő:This conversation takes place at the steakhouse. |
| Simone:It’s between Jenny and Pöchner. |
| Gergő:The speakers are strangers, so they’re using formal language. |
| Simone:Let’s listen to the conversation. |
| POST CONVERSATION BANTER |
| Simone:This still doesn’t sound like a restaurant I’d leave a big tip at. |
| Gergő:You have to support up-and-coming small businesses! Don’t be a cheapskate, and leave ten percent. |
| Simone:Ten percent for everyone? |
| Gergő:Yes. Tips are usually not included in the bill, and even if they are, leave a bit extra. |
| Simone:I noticed that people leave even more for cabbies. |
| Gergő:That’s right, they get fifteen percent usually. |
| Simone:Those are some good tips. Okay, now let’s take a look at the vocab. |
| KEY VOCAB AND PHRASES |
| Simone:Let’s take a closer look at some of the words and phrases from this lesson. |
| Gergő:First up, Megkönnyebbül means “to feel relieved.” |
| Simone:Can you use it in an example sentence? Also, say it extra slow please, it’s a hard word. |
| Gergő:Vége a vizsgának, megkönnyebbültél? |
| Simone:“The exam is over, do you feel relieved?” |
| Gergő:Vége a vizsgának, megkönnyebültél? It also has a noun form: megkönnyebbülés. |
| Simone:An example, please. |
| Gergő:This is often heard: Micsoda megkönnyebbülés! |
| Simone:“What a relief!” Which is what I feel every day exiting the studio! |
| Gergő:(laughs) I'll repeat it: Micsoda megkönnyebbülés! |
| Simone:What else is there for this lesson? |
| Gergő:Well, another word starting with meg. Megfelelő means “appropriate” and “suitable,” “fitting” or “the correct one.” |
| Simone:That is a lot of meanings. Let's hear an example and it will be clearer. |
| Gergő:Tedd az érmét a megfelelő nyílásba. |
| Simone:“Put the coin in the correct slot.” What an unlikely example. |
| Gergő:Yet you can read it on every coffee machine. Tedd az érmét a megfelelő nyílásba. But here is another one: Ez a szoba megfelelő? |
| Simone:“Is this room fitting/good enough?” |
| Gergő:Ez a szoba megfelelő? |
| Simone:What if I don't like it? |
| Gergő:You can also use it as a verb and just say: Nem felel meg. |
| Simone:It means “it doesn't suit,” or something like that, literally. |
| Gergő:Right. |
| Simone:Okay, now onto the grammar. |
| GRAMMAR POINT |
| Simone:In this lesson you’ll learn more about the past tense. It’s time to refresh and extend your knowledge on the topic, and go through a couple of nice and handy tables. Always with the tables... |
| Gergő:We have to, sorry. The thing is, past tense is pretty complicated in Hungarian, so it deserves more practice. |
| Simone:Fair enough. What’s the first sentence? |
| Gergő:Lemostunk mindent. |
| Simone:“We have washed everything down” |
| Gergő:Lemostunk mindent. The base verb is lemos, or “wash down.” |
| Simone:There is a nice table in the lesson notes for you to take a look at. At this point, it is enough to know that many verbs form past tense by adding a -t to the present tense ending. Let's hear another example from the dialogue. |
| Gergő:We had Letöröltük a port. |
| Simone:“We wiped the dust down.” |
| Gergő:The base verb is letöröl. In first person plural, definite conjugation: Letöröltük. |
| Simone:You make it sound easy. |
| Gergő:It is really, once you learn the endings from the table. |
| Simone:What other examples were in the dialogue? |
| Gergő:Megkönnyebbültem. |
| Simone:“I'm so relieved.” |
| Gergő:Megkönnyebbültem. |
| Simone:All right. What is common in these verbs? |
| Gergő:Here is the deal: most verbs that end in -j, -l, -m, -ny, -r conjugate normally, that is, just like the previous ones. There is a memory hook to remember them: Jár a lányom. |
| Simone:Which means “My daughter is walking.” All the consonants from this sentence. Jár a lányom. If the verb ends in one of these, it will probably conjugate regularly. There’s a table in the notes about this. |
| Gergő:There are also words that end in a vowel plus -b, -d, -g, -gy, -k, -p, -s, -sz, -v, and -z that are still regular, but there is a slight change in third person. The memory hook for these letter-sounds is this sentence: Szabad vagyok, pá! meaning “I'm free, bye!” And of course you can check that from the table. |
| Simone:So we have covered two types of conjugation, with a slight difference. |
| Gergő:Right. We'll let that sink in for now and come back to this in the next lesson too. |
| Simone:It is now essential that you use the lesson notes with the table. |
| Gergő:Always a good idea. |
Outro |
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| Simone:All right everyone, we'll see you next time. |
| Gergő:Thanks for listening, sziasztok! |
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