Learn about present tense verb conjugation
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| INTRODUCTION |
| Simone:Hi everyone and welcome to HungarianPod101.com. This is Lower Beginner, Season 1, Lesson 4, A Hectic Schedule in Hungary. I’m Simone. |
| Csaba:And I am Csaba. Sziasztok. |
| Simone:In this lesson we’re going to expand our knowledge of conjugation and finally put an end to the conjugation of regular verbs. |
| Csaba:The dialogue is at Anne’s apartment. |
| Simone:And it is between Anne and Balázs. |
| Csaba:They are good friends so they use the informal language. |
| Simone:Let’s hear the conversation. |
| POST CONVERSATION BANTER |
| Simone:All right, this is pretty much the continuation of the last dialogue. |
| Csaba:Yes, we’ll have to get them out of the apartment at some point. They aren’t giving us a lot to work with in the cultural department. |
| Simone:No problem. I was thinking you could talk about where we can find Hungarian words in the English language. |
| Csaba:All right. There are a couple of loanwords in English that come from Hungarian, often via other European languages. The first one that comes to mind is “biro,” or ballpoint pen is the US. |
| Simone:Named after the inventor László Bíró. |
| Csaba:Also the words “shako” and “hussar” come from Hungarian. The original Hungarian pronunciation is csákó and huszár. |
| Simone:These must have traveled through French. |
| Csaba:Right. The phrase “itsy-bitsy” is the English pronunciation of ici-pici, meaning “tiny.” |
| Simone:All right, I had no idea about that one. Shall we do some ici-pici vocab building? |
| Csaba:Let’s. |
| KEY VOCAB AND PHRASES |
| Simone:Which one shall we first talk about? |
| Csaba:The first interesting one is mostanában, or “nowadays, recently.” Since there is no such thing as present perfect tense in Hungarian, you simply have to put this word at the beginning of any kind of present tense sentence. |
| Simone:Can you give us an example? How do you say “I haven’t slept well recently?” |
| Csaba:Please repeat: Mostanában nem alszom jól. 2X |
| Simone:All right, another example please! |
| Csaba:Mostanában sokat esik. |
| Simone:“It’s been raining a lot recently.” Say again, please. |
| Csaba:Mostanában sokat esik. |
| Simone:All right. What else? |
| Csaba:We’ve also heard: Te mit mondasz? |
| Simone:“What do you say?” |
| Csaba:Right. This is an informal way to ask for someone’s opinion on a topic that is clear from the previous dialogue. |
| Simone:Give us an example please. |
| Csaba:Ez túl drága. Te mit mondasz? |
| Simone:“This is too expensive. What do you think?” Again please. |
| Csaba:Ez túl drága. Te mit mondasz? |
| Simone:All right, let’s go on. Te mit mondasz? |
| Csaba:Well used. One last thing for the vocab section. Anne says to Balázs: csend or “silence.” |
| Simone:Isn’t that rude? |
| Csaba:Well, I believe she meant it in a funny way. But in other, more formal circumstances this is definitely not the way to be polite. |
| Simone:So what else shall we teach them? |
| Csaba:You can say: Egy kis csendet kérek. |
| Simone:This means something like: “I’d like a moment of quiet please.” Say that again Csaba. |
| Csaba:Egy kis csendet kérek. |
| Simone:You can use this before you start your speech, or at the beginning of a lecture. |
| Csaba:Right. Well, this will do for the vocab section so now let’s go to grammar. |
| GRAMMAR POINT |
| Simone:In this lesson we’re going to finish up handing you rules to conjugate regular verbs. |
| Csaba:Yes. It doesn’t mean that conjugation is out of our lives, but after three lessons of tables and vowels and endings, there will be more practice in the following few lessons. |
| Simone:So what are you going to explain in this lesson? |
| Csaba:We’ve heard a couple of new verbs is the dialogue. Three of them are particularly important now. |
| Simone:Let’s list the dictionary form for these. |
| Csaba:Mond. |
| Simone:“Say.” |
| Csaba:Tanít. |
| Simone:“Teach.” |
| Csaba:Fordít. |
| Simone:“Translate.” What makes these important? |
| Csaba:Certain verbs conjugate a little bit differently in second person singular and second and third person plural from what we have studied before. |
| Simone:Let’s start with the first one. Second person singular is “you,” so “you say” would be mond plus the ending sz. |
| Csaba:That would sound awkward: mondsz. There is no such word in Hungarian. In cases like this, we add a so called linking vowel, that well ease the pronunciation difficulties. Instead of mondsz, you say mondasz. |
| Simone:Break that down again. |
| Csaba:The base word is mond, the ending is -sz and we add a vowel between them. This vowel is determined by the usual vowel harmony rules. Mondasz. |
| Simone:And I take it tanít “teach” and fordít “translate” are the same. |
| Csaba:Right. Tanítasz and fordítasz. This linking vowel is necessary in second person singular and second and third person plural. Those endings start with consonant, there would be too many consonants clustered. |
| Simone:All right, I’d like you to conjugate all persons and numbers of these three words and please give extra emphasis to the new material. |
| Csaba:The first one is: Tanítok, tanítasz, tanít, tanítunk, tanítotok, tanítanak. |
| Simone:This was “I teach, you teach, etc...” |
| Csaba:The second is fordítok, fordítasz, fordít, fordítunk, fordítotok, fordítanak. |
| Simone:“I translate, you translate, etc...” |
| Csaba:And finally: mondok, mondasz, mond, mondunk, mondotok, mondanak. |
| Simone:“I say, you say, etc...” Can you sum this up in one rule? |
| Csaba:Well, I can try. If a verb ends in -ít, like tanít or two different consonants, like mond, add a linking vowel between the verb and the ending in second person singular and second and third person plural. The linking vowel is determined by vowel harmony. |
| Simone:As usual, you can find further examples and explanations in the lesson notes. |
| Csaba:Yes, it is very important to check that those out in these lessons. Looking at tables makes understanding a lot easier. |
Outro |
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| Simone:All right, until next time, bye! |
| Csaba:Sziasztok. |
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